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Apprentice Mate Steersman (Oceans or Near Coastal (Any Appropriate Tonnage))
Q413 — Navigation General: Oceans
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Learning progress
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1. How can the accuracy of an azimuth circle be checked?
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2. When is an air mass termed "warm"?
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3. The altitude at LAN may be observed by starting several minutes in advance and continuing until a maximum altitude occurs. When should this procedure NOT be used?
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4. You are approaching Chatham Strait from the south in foggy weather. You have Coronation Island and Hazy Islands on the radar. Suddenly the radar malfunctions. You then resort to using whistle echoes to determine your distance off Coronation Island. Your stopwatch reads 16.3 seconds for the echo to be heard. How far are you off Coronation Island?
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5. You are approaching a light fitted with a RACON. How is the light identified on the radar?
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6. Which is an area of strong westerly winds occurring between 40°S and 60°S latitude?
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7. The ARPA may swap targets when automatically tracking if two targets are in which situation?
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8. The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide over a 19 year period is known by which term?
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9. What is the average speed of the movement of a hurricane following the recurvature of its track?
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10. Barometer readings in weather reports are given in terms of pressure at which reference location?
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11. Which is the name given to the belt of light and variable winds between the westerly wind belt and the northeast trade winds?
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12. What does a buoy with a composite group-flashing light indicate?
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13. Where are buoys and day beacons exhibiting a yellow triangle or square painted on them used?
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14. Buoys are marked with reflective material to assist in their detection by searchlight. Which statement is TRUE?
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15. A buoy marking a wreck will show a(n) __________.
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16. Which buoy may be odd numbered?
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17. When a buoy is in position only during a certain period of the year, where may the dates when the buoy is in position be found?
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18. A buoy having red and green horizontal bands would have which light characteristic?
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19. You are in a buoyed channel at night and pass a lighted buoy with an irregular characteristic. Who should you report this to?
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20. If you are caught in the left semicircle of a tropical storm, in the Southern Hemisphere, which action should you take?
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21. What causes deviation in a magnetic compass?
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22. What causes permanent magnetism on a vessel?
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23. Which is the cause of tropic tides?
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24. What causes variation in a compass?
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25. In the celestial equator system of coordinates, what is comparable to latitude on the terrestrial sphere?
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26. You are in a channel inbound from sea. A daymark used to mark a channel junction when the preferred channel is to starboard will have the shape indicated by what letter in illustration D045NG below?
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27. What is characteristic of an isophase light?
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28. Which characteristics will a lighted buoy that is to be left to starboard, when entering a U.S. port from seaward have?
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29. What is the characteristic of a quick flashing light?
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30. Which is a characteristic of warm air masses?
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31. You are in charge of a power-driven vessel crossing a river on the Western Rivers. You must keep out of the way of __________.
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32. Your chart indicates that there is an isolated rock and names the rock using vertical letters. What does this indicate?
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33. What do chart legends printed in capital letters indicate about the associated landmark?
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34. A chart position enclosed by a square is a(n) __________.
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35. Civil twilight starts at 1812 zone time on 26 August, your DR position at that time is LAT 21°06'S, LONG 14°56'W. Which statement concerning the planets available for evening sights is TRUE?
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36. A cloud sequence of cirrus, cirrostratus, and altostratus clouds followed by rain usually signifies the approach of which front?
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37. Which clouds is a thin, whitish, high cloud popularly known as "mares' tails"?
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38. The Coast Guard Captain of the Port has excluded all traffic from a section of a port, while a regatta is taking place. Which describes the buoys marking this exclusion area?
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39. As a cold front passes how do the pressure and the winds change?
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40. Where can complete information on weather broadcasts throughout the world be found?
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41. Considering the general circulation of the atmosphere, what is the name given to the wind system between latitudes 30°N and 60°N?
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42. By convention, what color is the south pole of a magnet painted?
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43. By convention, the Earth's south magnetic pole is which color?
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44. By convention, the north pole of a magnet is painted which color?
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45. Which corrector will compensate for the deviation which is maximum on intercardinal compass headings?
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46. In which country would you expect the channels to be marked with the IALA-B Buoyage System?
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47. You are on course 222°T and take a relative bearing of a lighthouse of 025°. What is the true bearing to the lighthouse?
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48. You are on course 344°T and take a relative bearing of a lighthouse of 270°. What is the true bearing to the lighthouse?
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49. You are on course 355°T and take a relative bearing of a lighthouse of 275°. What is the true bearing of the lighthouse?
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50. When does a current perpendicular to a vessel's track have the greatest effect on the vessel's course made good?
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51. Which current would you encounter on a direct passage from southern Africa to Argentina, South America?
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52. The Daily Memorandum contains which information?
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53. The most dangerous form of icing encountered at sea is formed by which of the following?
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54. Where is the dangerous semicircle located on a hurricane in the Southern Hemisphere?
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55. Where can information about the direction and velocity of rotary tidal currents be found?
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56. Which datum is used for soundings on charts of the East Coast of the United States?
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57. A daymark used to indicate the safe water in a channel will have which of the shapes shown in illustration D045NG below?
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58. The vertical distance from the tidal datum to the level of the water is the __________.
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59. Which describes a diurnal tide?
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60. What does the description "Racon" beside an illustration on a chart mean?
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61. Which device maintains a continuous graphic record of the heading of the vessel?
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62. Which is the difference between the DR position and a fix, both of which have the same time?
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63. The distance between any two meridians measured along a parallel of latitude and expressed in miles is the __________.
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64. When does a Doppler speed log indicate speed over ground?
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65. ECDIS units incorporate Digital Chart Data that utilizes which formats?
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66. When does the effects of priming of the tides occur?
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67. If the electronic chart is part of an ECDIS, it must display the minimum data required by IMO/IHO. Which is NOT required to be displayed?
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68. You are enroute to assist vessel A. Vessel A is underway at 5.5 knots on course 033°T, and bears 248°T at 64 miles from you. What is the course to steer at 13 knots to intercept vessel A?
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69. You are enroute to assist vessel A. Vessel A is underway at 5.5 knots on course 033°T, and bears 248°T at 64 miles from you. What is the time to intercept if you make 13 knots?
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70. As you enter a U.S. channel from seaward, which is TRUE concerning the numbers on the buoys?
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71. You are entering an east coast port and see a buoy with a yellow triangle painted on it. What does the symbol indicate?
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72. What is the equivalent of 10 min. 52 sec. in arc units?
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73. Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit to have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning Service receiver capability?
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74. You will find daily information about the duration of slack water in a port on the Atlantic Coast in which publication?
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75. What does the Flinders bar on a magnetic compass compensate for?
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76. Which of the following is the most accurate method of determining gyrocompass error while underway?
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77. Which of the following are data layer categories to be displayed on ECDIS?
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78. Which of the following describes gyrocompass repeaters which reproduce the indications of the master gyrocompass?
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79. All of the following can be found on a Pilot Chart EXCEPT information concerning which item?
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80. Which of the following must the electronic chart of an ECDIS display, as required by IMO/IHO?
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81. Which form of cloud, that is often known as "mackerel sky", is generally associated with fair weather?
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82. Which of the four adjustable errors in the sextant causes side error?
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83. A general chart intended for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs can have which scale?
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84. The GMT is 0445 and your zone description is +1. What is your zone time?
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85. In which situation does a great circle track provides the maximum saving in distance?
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86. Red lights may appear on which buoys?
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87. What happens to the intensity of a hurricane as it reaches higher latitudes and cooler waters?
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88. You are heading out to sea in a buoyed channel and see a quick flashing green light on a buoy ahead of you. In U.S. waters, how should you leave the buoy?
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89. In the horizon system of coordinates what is equivalent to longitude on the Earth?
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90. Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, when entering from seaward which lateral system buoy as shown in illustration D046NG below, should be left to port?
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91. Under the IALA-A Buoyage System, a buoy indicating the preferred channel is to port would have __________.
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92. Under the IALA-A Buoyage system, a buoy marking the starboard side of the channel when approaching from seaward may have which feature?
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93. Under the IALA-A Buoyage System, when entering from seaward which buoy as shown in illustration D046NG below, should be left to starboard?
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94. Under the IALA cardinal system, a mark with quick white light showing 3 flashes every 10 seconds indicates that the safest water in the area is in which location?
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95. In the IALA Maritime Buoyage System, what is a red and white vertically-striped buoy used to indicate?
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96. In illustration D039NG below, what type of cloud is indicated by the number five?
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97. In illustration D044NG below, a pillar buoy is indicated by which letter?
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98. In illustration D044NG below, what type of buoy is indicated by the letter A?
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99. In illustration D045NG below, which shape is a daymark warning of danger?
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100. In illustration D045NG below, what two shapes shown are used to indicate a preferred channel?
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101. You are inbound in a channel marked by a range. The range line is 040°T. You are steering 036°T. The range is in sight as shown in illustration D047NG below, and is closing. Which action should you take?
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102. You are inbound in a channel marked by a range. The range line is 216°T. You are steering 213°T and have the range in sight as shown in illustration D048NG below. Which action should you take?
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103. By what means are indications of the master gyrocompass sent to remote repeaters?
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104. Which information must automatic identification systems (AIS) automatically provide to appropriately equipped shore stations, vessels and aircraft?
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105. Information about the pilotage available at Miami harbor may best be obtained from which publication?
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106. At which interval should a traditional spring driven marine chronometer be rewound?
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107. Which item in illustration D034NG below shows a flashing light?
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108. After an item of required safety equipment on a towing vessel fails, the owner or Master must consider numerous factors before continuing the voyage. Which factor should NOT be included in his/her decision?
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109. A large automated navigational buoy, such as those that have replaced some lightships, would be shown on a chart by which symbol in illustration D015NG below?
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110. In which situation is the light characteristic of composite group flashing (2 + 1) used in the Aids to Navigation System on the Western Rivers?
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111. The light characteristic of flashing is used in the Aids to Navigation System on the Western Rivers. Which example is required to utilize this characteristic?
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112. Which light characteristic may be used on a special mark?
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113. Which term is given to a light that has a light period shorter than its dark period?
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114. The Light List indicates that a light has a nominal range of 10 miles and is 11 feet high. If the visibility is 15 miles and your height of eye is 20 feet, at what approximate distance will you sight the light?
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115. The Light List shows that a navigational light has a nominal range of 18 miles and a height above water of 22 feet (6.7 meters). Your height of eye is 16 feet (4.9 meters) and the visibility is 2.0 miles. At which approximate range will you first sight the light?
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116. The Light List shows that a navigational light has a nominal range of 19 miles and a height above water of 52 feet (15.8 meters). Your height of eye is 42 feet (12.8 meters) and the visibility is 10.0 miles. At what approximate range will you first sight the light?
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117. The Light List shows that a navigational light has a nominal range of 6 miles and a height above water of 18 feet (5.5 meters). Your height of eye is 47 feet (14.3 meters) and the visibility is 1.5 miles. At what approximate range will you first sight the light?
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118. What is the light phase characteristic of a lighted isolated-danger mark?
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119. Lighted white and orange buoys must show which color light?
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120. A line on the Earth parallel to the equator is a __________.
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121. The LMT of LAN is 1210. Your longitude is 70°30'E. Which time would you use to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?
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122. Local sidereal time is equal to the __________.
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123. Some locations maintain a zone time of -13. What are the zone time and date if the Greenwich time and date are 2152, 10 January?
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124. You are in LONG 165°E, zone time at 0400, 1 November. What is the zone time and date in LONG 165°W?
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125. What are the only magnetic compass correctors that correct for both permanent and induced effects of magnetism?
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126. What is magnetic dip a measurement of?
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127. When making landfall at night, the light from a powerful lighthouse may sometimes be seen before the lantern breaks the horizon. Which term describes this light?
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128. How many characters does the short text messaging feature of the automatic identification system (AIS) allow for?
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129. How many high waters usually occur each day on the East Coast of the United States?
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130. Mean low water is the average height of __________.
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131. Mean lower low water is the reference plane used for which measurements?
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132. The measurement of local time is based on the passage of the Sun over the __________.
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133. Which term is given to the mechanical lifting of air by the upslope slant of the terrain?
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134. A mid-channel buoy, may show which light?
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135. When the moon is new or full, which type of tides occur?
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136. What must the owner or Master do if any of the towing vessel's required navigational safety equipment fails during a voyage?
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137. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration publishes which item?
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138. Which Naval Control of Shipping publication should be aboard your vessel?
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139. While navigating in fog off a coastline of steep cliffs, you hear the echo of the ships fog horn 2 1/2 seconds after the signal was sounded. What is the distance to the shore?
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140. While navigating in fog off a coastline of steep cliffs, you hear the echo of the ship's foghorn 4 1/2 seconds after the signal was sounded. What is the distance to the shore?
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141. Which is TRUE when navigating a vessel?
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142. Which navigational mark may only be lettered?
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143. A navigator fixing a vessel's position by radar __________.
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144. In the Northern Hemisphere, the right half of the storm is known as the dangerous semicircle. Which statement(s) is/are TRUE?
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145. You are in the Northern Hemisphere and a tropical wave is located 200 miles due west of your position. Where will the wave be located 24 hours later?
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146. In the Northern Hemisphere, your vessel is believed to be in the direct path of a hurricane, and plenty of sea room is available. Which is the best course of action?
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147. What does the numeral in the center of a wind rose circle on a pilot chart indicate?
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148. Which is TRUE of an occulting light?
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149. You are operating on the Red River Waterway and two different air masses of differing characteristics are converging at your location. What weather phenomenon is in your vicinity?
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150. An orange and white buoy marking an area where operating restrictions are in effect will be marked with which symbol?
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151. An orange and white buoy with a rectangle on it displays what information?
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152. In order to remove side error from a sextant, which adjustment can be made?
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153. You are outbound in a channel marked by a range astern. The range line is 309°T. You are steering 127°T and have the range in sight as shown in illustration D047NG below. What action should you take?
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154. The owner or Master of a towing vessel must ensure that each person that directs and controls the movement of the vessel knows all of the following EXCEPT _________.
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155. The owner or Master of a towing vessel shall ensure that each person that directs and controls the movement of the vessel can accomplish all of the following EXCEPT _________.
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156. Which part of a sextant is mounted directly over the pivot of the index arm?
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157. A pilot chart does NOT contain information about which item?
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158. When plotting a circle of equal altitude for a high altitude sight, the radius of the circle is determined by which formula?
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159. On the pole side of the high-pressure belt in each hemisphere, the pressure diminishes. The winds along these gradients are diverted by the Earth's rotation toward the east. What is the name of these winds?
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160. To predict the actual depth of water using the Tide Tables, how does one use the number obtained from the Tide Tables?
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161. How do preferred channel buoys indicate the preferred channel to transit?
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162. Which process allows you to determine the chronometer error?
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163. Which publication lists Class I and II private aids to navigation in or along navigable waters of the United States?
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164. Which publication would NOT be used on a voyage from Houston to New York?
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165. When pushing barges ahead close to a steep revetment where there is no current, what is MOST likely to occur?
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166. Quadrantal error in a gyrocompass has its GREATEST effect on which of the following?
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167. Which radar control shortens all echoes on the display and reduces clutter caused by rain or snow?
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168. Your radar displays your ship off center. As you proceed on your course, your ship's marker moves on the PPI scope while echoes from land masses remain stationary. What is this display called?
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169. Radar makes the most accurate determination of the __________.
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170. What is the reaction of a gyrocompass to an applied force known as?
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171. What do red sectors of navigation lights warn mariners of?
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172. Which is the reference datum used in determining the heights of land features on most charts?
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173. With respect to failure warnings and status indications, GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum, __________.
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174. In some river mouths and estuaries, the incoming high-tide wave crest overtakes the preceding low-tide trough. This results in a wall of water proceeding upstream. Which term describes this occurrence?
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175. You are running parallel to the coast and estimate that the current is against you. In plotting a running fix using bearings from the same object on the coast, the greatest safety margin from inshore dangers will result if what speed is used to determine the fix?
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176. A sailing chart could have which scale?
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177. The Sailing Directions are published in the Enroute format and which other format?
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178. If you were sailing in the North Pacific and were interested in the ice and iceberg limits, where could you find this information?
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179. You are sailing south on the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) when you sight a green can buoy with a yellow square painted on it. Which of the following is TRUE?
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180. You are sailing south on the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) when you sight a red nun buoy with a yellow square painted on it. Which statement is TRUE?
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181. You are sailing south on the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) when you sight a red nun buoy with a yellow triangle painted on it. Which statement is TRUE?
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182. The scale on a chart is given as 1:5,000,000. What does this ratio indicate?
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183. Which scale is considered a coastal chart used for inshore coastwise navigation?
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184. Which scale is used to estimate wind speed by observing sea conditions?
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185. The set of the current is the __________.
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186. A ship is in longitude 54°00'W on a true course of 270°. The ship's clocks are on the proper time zone. At what longitude should the clocks be changed to maintain the proper zone time?
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187. The shoreline shown on nautical charts of areas affected by large tidal fluctuations is usually the line of mean __________.
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188. You sight a buoy fitted with a double-sphere topmark. If sighted at night, what color and light sequence would you expect to see?
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189. If a sound signal is emitted from the oscillator of a fathometer, and two seconds elapse before the returning signal is picked up, what depth of water is indicated?
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190. As the South Equatorial Current approaches the east coast of Africa, it divides with the main part flowing south to form which current?
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191. A special mark (yellow buoy), if lighted, may exhibit which light rhythm?
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192. What is a "Special Warning"?
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193. What is the standard atmospheric pressure in millibars?
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194. Which is the standard meridian for the time zone +1?
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195. Which statement about the Flinders bar of the magnetic compass is CORRECT?
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196. Which statement about gyrocompass error is TRUE?
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197. You sight an isolated danger buoy with a white flashing light showing a group of two flashes. The buoy indicates you should take which action?
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198. While steaming on course 280°T, you sight a buoy showing a very quick flashing (VQ) white light well to port. Maintaining course, you sight another buoy showing a quick flashing (Q) white light. How should you pass?
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199. You are steaming southward along the west coast of the United States when you encounter a buoy showing a flashing red light. Which is TRUE concerning the buoy?
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200. You are steaming in a westerly direction along the Gulf Coast. You see ahead of you a lighted buoy showing a red isophase light. Which action should you take?
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201. While steering a course of 150°T, you wish to observe the Sun for a speed check. What would the azimuth have to be?
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202. You are steering a southerly course, and you note that the chart predicts an easterly current. Without considering wind, how may you allow for the set?
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203. A storm's track is characterized by all of the following except __________.
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204. Swell is the rise and fall of the ocean's surface due to __________.
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205. A sylphon cell is a part of which instrument?
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206. The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads "Gp Fl R (2) 10 sec 160 ft 19M". Which characteristic describes the light?
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207. You take a bearing of 264° of a lighthouse. Which bearing of another object would give the best fix?
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208. You take a bearing of 313° and 076° of two objects. Which bearing of a third object will give the best fix?
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209. What does the term "tide" refer to?
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210. Which term is used to describe a generally circular low-pressure area?
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211. Which theoretical minimum number of measurements from satellites does a GPS receiver need in order to provide an exact three-dimensional position?
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212. Which time meridian is used for tide computations in New York Harbor?
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213. Which topmark shown in illustration D023NG below identifies an isolated danger?
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214. A towing vessel is NOT required to be fitted with radar if it is __________.
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215. Tropical cyclones normally form within which of the following belts of latitude?
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216. Which is TRUE of an aneroid barometer?
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217. Which is TRUE of a bluff bar?
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218. Which is TRUE concern the horizon glass of a sextant?
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219. Which is TRUE of a downbound power-driven vessel, when meeting an upbound vessel on the Western Rivers?
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220. Which is TRUE of a preferred-channel buoy?
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221. Which is TRUE when using the radar for navigation?
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222. Two navigational hazards are located near to each other, but each is marked by an individual cardinal buoyage system. How are the buoys of one cardinal system identified from the other system?
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223. Which type of cloud is composed entirely of ice crystals and is found at very high altitudes?
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224. Which type of cloud formation should be of immediate concern to small craft operators?
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225. Under the Uniform State Waterway Marking System how is a mooring buoy painted?
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226. It is unlawful to approach within how many yards of a Northern Right Whale?
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227. While upbound through Memphis, the weather report on TV news indicates that a warm front is stationary over Kentucky - Missouri - Tennessee areas. What weather conditions should you expect?
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228. The upper vertex of a great circle track is in LONG 156°00'E. Sailing eastward, the great circle track will cross the equator in which LONG?
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229. When using an echo sounder in deep water, it is NOT unusual to encounter which situation?
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230. Using the surface analysis in illustration D049NG below, which wind speeds are reported at position A?
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231. When utilizing a Pacific Coast chart, which is the reference plane of soundings?
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232. The velocity of the apparent wind can be more than the true wind, and come from the same direction, if certain conditions are present. One condition is that the __________.
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233. A vessel crossing a river on the Western Rivers, must keep out of the way of which power-driven vessel?
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234. Your 1600 GRT vessel will be entering the navigable waters of the United States. You are required by regulations to take which action?
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235. Your vessel is leaving New York harbor in dense fog. As the vessel slowly proceeds toward sea, you sight a green can buoy on the starboard bow. Which action should you take?
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236. Your vessel is participating in the Voluntary Observing Ship Program, you are preparing WS Form B-80 as seen in illustration D041NG below. The dry bulb thermometer reads 54°F and the wet bulb thermometer reads 50°F. How would you encode the air temperature groups in the report?
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237. Your vessel is participating in the Voluntary Observing Ship Program, you are preparing WS Form B-80 as seen in illustration D041NG below. The dry bulb thermometer reads 78°F and the wet bulb thermometer reads 75°F. How would you encode the air temperature groups in the report?
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238. Your vessel is participating in the Voluntary Observing Ship Program, you are preparing WS Form B- 80 as seen in illustration D041NG below. Twenty-five percent of the sky is covered with clouds, and the anemometer indicates that the apparent wind is from 062° relative at 13 knots. You are on course 238°T at 22 knots. How should you encode group Nddff?
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239. INLAND ONLY A power-driven vessel proceeding downstream in a narrow channel on the Western Rivers sights another power-driven vessel moving upstream. Which vessel has the right of way?
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240. When a warm air mass is adjacent to a cold air mass, the separation line between the two is called a(n) __________.
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241. In waters where the cardinal system is used where would you expect to find danger?
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242. If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low-pressure area to be 100 miles due east of your position, what winds can you expect in the Northern Hemisphere?
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243. Weather warnings such as gale, storm and hurricane warnings are based on which criteria?
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244. For a well-made and well-maintained sextant, the maximum value of which correction is usually so small that it can be ignored?
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245. What does a white buoy with an orange cross within a diamond marked on it indicate?
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246. Which wind pattern has the most influence over the movement of frontal weather systems over the North American continent?
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247. Which wind results from a land mass cooling more quickly at night than an adjacent water area?
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248. Why is the wind velocity higher in the dangerous semicircle of a tropical cyclone?
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249. When within 300 miles of a named tropical storm or hurricane, it is standard practice to send weather reports at which time interval?
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250. In working out a local apparent noon sight for your latitude, you subtract the Ho from 90°. The 90° represents the angular distance from __________.
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251. Where would you expect to find channels marked with the IALA-A Buoyage System?
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252. Where would you find information about the time of high tide at a specific location on a particular day of the year?
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253. Yesterday your chronometer read 02h 59m 58s at the 1500 GMT time tick. Today the chronometer reads 03h 00m 02s at the 1500 GMT time tick. What is the chronometer error?
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254. Yesterday your chronometer read 03h 01m 56s at the 1500 GMT time tick. Today your chronometer read 03h 01m 54s at the 1500 GMT time tick. What is the chronometer rate?
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255. Yesterday your chronometer read 11h 59m 58s at the 1200 GMT time tick. Today your chronometer reads 12h 00m 00s at the 1200 time tick. What is the chronometer rate?
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256. The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere that is __________.
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257. Under the IALA Buoyage Systems, a cardinal mark may NOT be used to indicate which of the following?
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258. Under the IALA cardinal system, a mark with a quick light showing 9 flashes every 15 seconds indicates that the safest water is on which side of the mark?
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259. Which clouds is a thin, whitish, high cloud popularly known as "mares' tails"?
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260. You are in a channel inbound from sea. A daymark used to mark a channel junction, when the preferred channel is to port will have the shape indicated by what letter in illustration D045NG below?
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261. Which item in illustration D034NG below shows a fixed and flashing light?
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262. What will a buoy marking a wreck show?
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263. The Light List indicates that a light has a nominal range of 20 miles and is 52 feet (16 meters) high. If the visibility is 20 miles and your height of eye is 20 feet (6 meters), at what approximate distance will you sight the light?
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264. The Light List indicates that a light has a nominal range of 14 miles and is 26 feet high. If the visibility is 14 miles and your height of eye is 20 feet, at which approximate distance will you sight the light?
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