158. What may prevent a tug from tripping or capsizing when towing a large vessel?

Norman pins prevent a tug from tripping or capsizing by confining and guiding the towline, preventing it from sweeping across the stern and pulling the tug broadside. Tripping occurs when the towline leads off to the side, creating a sideways pull that can capsize the tug; Norman pins limit this movement by keeping the towline closer to the centerline. Safety shackles prevent connection failure, under riders protect the towline from chafe, and surge lines absorb shock loads, none of which directly address the risk of tripping or capsizing.